TOCFL - Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language

TOCFL stands for Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language, obviously meant to be associated with TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) and is the standardized Mandarin proficiency exam in Taiwan. The Mainland Chinese counterpart is the HSK (Hà  nyÇ” ShuÇ pà ­ng KÇŽoshà ¬). TOCFL is arranged by the Ministry of Education and held regularly both in Taiwan and abroad. The exam was previously known as TOP (Test of Proficiency). Six Levels of Proficiency Just like the HSK, TOCFL consists of six levels, although the final level is still under development. What these levels mean exactly depends on whom youre asking, but lets look at a quick overview: TOCFL level TOCFL name CEFR HSK level* 1 A1 3 2 A2 4 3 B1 5 4 B2 6 5 C1 6 C2 *Comparing proficiency exams is notoriously difficult, but this assessment made by  Fachverbands Chinesisch, a German association for teaching and promoting the Chinese language. There is no official HSK to CEFR conversion table (there was, but it was retracted after being criticized as too optimistic). Even though there are six distinct levels, there are actually only three tests (bands): A, B,  and C. That means that you can achieve levels 1 and 2 on the same test (band A), depending on your final score, levels 3 and 4 on the same test (band B), and levels 5 and 6 on the same test (band C). The tests are structured so that they become gradually  more difficult, allowing for a wider span of difficulty for each test. In order to pass a certain level, you not only need to reach a certain total score, you also have to meet certain minimum requirements for each separate parts. Thus, you wont pass if your reading ability is lousy, even if your listening ability is stellar. Resources Official TOCFL website -  This is where you go for basic information about test locations and dates, as well as any other kind of official information. You can also sign up for exams here, both in Taiwan and abroad.TOCFL mock exams - There is one mock exam for listening and one for reading. In comparison with HSK, this isnt much, so if you want more, we suggest you check the resources for HSK and use the table in this article to figure out roughly what level you should aim for.

Raising A Child As A Single Parent - 855 Words

Raising children in today’s society can prove to be a very difficult task. Parenthood is challenging even with the best of circumstances. With one parent, the challenges are multiplied. Single Parenthood is very common in the United States. In fact in 2013, 28% of children in the US were living in single-parent homes. Having children in the US ages 0 thru 18 as a single parent can be very costly and come with many responsibilities. For most single parents the most difficult part of being a parent is the financial responsibilities. The average cost of raising a child born in 2013 up until age eighteen for a middle income family is approximately $245,340.00. Education is also an important responsibility when having children. Nurturing although it is something that should come naturally to a person, can prove to be difficult and is a very important responsibility. All of these responsibilities combined are only a fraction as to what goes into raising a child. Unfortunately single parents may have a far more difficult time raising a child due to the different economical, social, and personal task each individual may face. Financial Responsibility and planning can be challenging for anyone, including single parents. Some financial struggles a single parent may face are shelter, food, and clothing. Single parents face more hardships than a two parent household when it comes to providing shelter for their families. In 2013 alone, over 70% of families in homeless shelters were fromShow MoreRelatedShould parents assume equal responsibilities when raising a child?1330 Words   |  6 Pageschildren† ( 2). Parents have an obligation to take care for children, so that when they grow up they are able to become a person who is strong enough to support himself. But there are different opinions whether raising a child should be shared equally between parents. One group thinks that it is essential for a child to grow up with the love and care of both parents. Meanwhile, others believe that child raising should be shared in a way that suits the family. While single parents argue that evenRead MoreShould Paren ts Assume Equal Responsibility When Raising a Child?1582 Words   |  7 Pageschildren† (Rowe 2). Your parents’ have an obligation to take care for you, so that when you grow up you are able to become a person who is strong enough to support yourself. But there are different opinions whether child raisin should be shared equally between parents. A group of people think that is essential for a child to grow up with the love and care of both parents. Some people’s opinion is that child rising should be shared in a way that suits the family. While single parents argue that even withoutRead MoreChildren Growing Up Into Single Family Homes1541 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, children growing up in single family homes has been discovered as problems. â€Å"At first glance, defending single mothers and their children. Raised by a strong and resourceful single mother, I turned out OK† (Wilcox). Being raised up with one parent seems to be stressful and impossible, bu t for decades its become possible to happen. In the society today, there are children growing up overcoming emotional stages and achieving their goals whether if they have both parents to show them difficult pathsRead MoreSingle Parent vs. Two Parent1229 Words   |  5 PagesSingle Parent Home vs. Two Parent Home Kendria Threatt COM 170/ Elements of University Composition and Communication I December 7, 2011 Monique Derr Single Parent Home vs. Two Parent Home How do you feel about raising children in a single parent home or in a home where both parents are present? It is very shocking to know that most people do not think about these situations before starting a family. In today’sRead MoreFamily Structure Of A Single Parent938 Words   |  4 PagesFamily structure has significantly changed from the 1940’s. The norm was that 70% of children lived with both biological parents. In the 1990’s it dropped to 60.2 % (Gennetian, 2005). In 2010, the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2008 American Community Survey provided that only 45% of children were raised within an intact family (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2008). Society and culture is changing, and what wasn’t â€Å"acceptable† by many cultures such as divorce, blended families, interracial marriage, and same-sexRead MoreShould both Parents Take Equal Responsibility in Raising a Children728 Words   |  3 Pagesand both parents should take care of these seed as they grow. In fact, there is argument in these important issue that is both parents should assume equal responsibility for raising children. However, some people believe that the mother is the first one to teach children many epacts for their life and some defend that father is prime factor in the children life. Indeed, I assume that both parents are prime factors in the children life, also there are many studies prove that both parents can giveRead MoreShould Single Parents be allowed to Adopt?845 Words   |  3 Pagesnumber of single-parent adoptions. Why would a successful, independent single man or woman want to give up his or her freedom and assume the responsibilities of raising a child? The trend is mainly due to the fact that the desire to nurture and share life as a family has become to be a strong need that is felt by a large number of people, and one that is not exclusively to married people or couples. The purpose of adoption is to provide children a loving and caring parent. Sing le parents should beRead MoreShould A Child Be Raised Together Or Alone?1256 Words   |  6 Pages Should a Child Be Raised Together or Alone? Britny Valdez â€Æ' Should a Child Be Raised Together or Alone? â€Å"Single-parent families now constitute 30 percent of all families with minor children and are the most rapidly growing families in America† (as cited in Dowd, 1997). When people hear the term ‘single-parent’ they automatically think it means a person who is the legal guardian of a child or children. It is typical for a single-parent to be a woman, because the statistics on the proportionRead MoreBeing A Single Parent Or Not?1456 Words   |  6 Pagesconsisting of two parents rearing their children, a spouse and children. This definition is now challenged, as the years have gone on the way we think and picture a family has changed. It is no longer a married stay at home mom and bread earning dad with their little son and daughter. Now a family can be a single mom, a single dad, a same sex couple or a separated or divorced mother and father with their biological or adopted child or children. Over the years the percentage of single fathers has onlyRead MoreEss ay on One Parent Family vs Two Parent Family901 Words   |  4 Pageshome by either both parents, mother and father or by a single parent. I feel that if it is a loving home where each parent is taking part in raising the child it is beneficial to the child. On the other hand if both parents argue all the time than it is not beneficial for the child’s upbringing. In having just one custodial parent the child is better off because the one parent will be able to provide a better stable social environment. Few parents decide on becoming single parents other reasons why

The Upside to Academic Interests Essay Samples

The Upside to Academic Interests Essay Samples Academic Interests Essay Samples and Academic Interests Essay Samples - The Perfect Combination EssayEdge is the major application essay editing service on the planet. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the right style. In other words, an academic essay may be an evidence of the depth of your research procedures and the rest of the activities you've executed so you can support the content of your written output. Finding the balance to communicate this information appropriately may be hard. These instructions will provide you with some helpful hints about how to compose an honors application essay. They've also been handling different application essay topics over the last few years and so have the adequate experience needed to compose impressive papers. This is sometimes a terrific tactic, but you have to be sure to use essay samples the right way. Try to remember, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. The author starts with a rather comprehensive story of an event or description of an individual or place. If he is a person, then their first name is used first. Academic Interests Essay Samples Explained If you don't, you're able to actually hurt your odds of admission. Demonstrating your understanding of the opportunities which make Penn unique is essential to completing UPenn's supplemental essay. The readers, however, may want to hear more than just 1 career objective. For instance, a recruiter doesn't have to request the private information of a contract employee or a consultant whose service is obligatory for only a brief period. Academic Interests Essay Samples: the Ultimate Convenience! One of the most difficult features of college life is finances. A good example is when someone joins a badminton club, which is a little group of sports enthusiasts who wish to keep a healthful lifestyle through a standard sport. Once an individual is affiliated to a specific sport, they begin to get engaged in a sound physical activity. He usually joins a club in order to ensure that they have a regular way of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This paragraph is also a possiblity to portray your capability to raise and conquer challenges in your specified field. In conclusion, it appears that assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. By weaving narration throughout the paragraph, you'll be in a position to portray a more authentic and distinctive story. This example demonstrates that even for an engineer with years of experience in the specialty, the basics of private essay writing remain the exact same. Type of Academic Interests Essay Samples Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. A self-introduction essay, since the name suggest, is a component of essay containing the simple info about the writer. It's possible to access the writer who's writing your essay directly so that you could make any correction. It lets your readers know the subject of your academic essay and what they are able to anticipate from the full article. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to discover some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. If you're to really gain from model essays, you want to understand how to read the techniques of the writer'. To say a single sentence about love is seemingly not possible. Well, not merely are there so many different kinds of love, defining love is notoriously complicated. Another form of love that's commonly inbuilt is universal love. While others are going to say unconditional love is the sole pure kind of love. Academic Interests Essay Samples - What Is It? One of the things which students commonly forget in academic writing is the usage of the third individual. 1 approach to make the most o f the small space you have is to seek out a means to relate your very first and second choice majors. That's the reason why I will do anything in my power to aid someone in need, even if he or she's a comprehensive stranger. Obviously, understanding how to clean burning oil isn't high on the list of things every 9-year-old should know. It is very important to capture the interest of the admission tutors irrespective of how strict they may appear to be. Thus, the essay is supposed to coincide with the applicant's qualities and interests in order for it to boost the possibility of admission. Composing an appropriate career goals essay can be hard should you not actually have any ambitions. Writing an essay that explains what goals that you want to pursue in your upcoming career is a skill you are going to have to demonstrate a lot for a student. You can and ought to mention the specific school to which you're applying. Bear in mind that all scholarship applications are different, which means you might need to design your essay to fulfill those particular requirements. Avoid mentioning on-the-job experiences that are not directly related with the field you're applying for. The colleges and courses involved attract a number of the brightest minds in the nation.

Harriet Tubm Conductor On The Underground Railroad

Her intentions were pure and for the people that were in need. She only wanted for everyone to be treated with equal respect and rights. Though she went through her entire life without being able to read or write, she still managed to lead a self-fulfilling life. This woman is Harriet Tubman. In the book, Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad, Ann Petry goes through her major stages of her life. First, the book starts out sometime in 1821, on the Brodas Plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland where Harriet was born. Ben Ross and Harriet Greene (Old Rit), who were both well respected by the plantation owner and the other slaves, had just had another child. It was a girl. They named her Araminta, which would later†¦show more content†¦Nothing changed when she returned. She was stuck doing the same jobs, and was returned because Mrs. Cook believed that she was â€Å"hopelessly stupid†. She given back to the Brodas, but was hired out once more a s a child nurse. She hated this work just as much because she was stuck inside all day. She was brutally beaten and was whipped on multiple occasions because the baby didn’t sleep through the night. Eventually, she ran away. It was a failure. Minta spent most of this trip fighting off pigs to eat the slop that was fed to them After approximately five days she returned because she was tired and starving. †By and by when I was almost tuckered out, I came to a great big pigpen. There was an old sow there, and perhaps eight or ten little pigs. I was too little to climb into it, but I stumbled over the high part and fell in on the ground; I was so beaten out that I could not stir. And there I stay from Friday until the next Tuesday, fighting with those little pigs for potato peelings and other scraps that came sown in the trough.† Then, she was brutally punished, and returned because she was disloyal. Minta though felt that she had won a battle. She from then on worked in the fields. She was finally old enough to earn the name Harriet. She became a strong woman, and was being more and more involved with helping the plantation. More stories were being told about slavery and new talk was being presented about the Underground

How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello Free Essays

Finally, the most effective way Iago poisons Othello’s mind is by changing the appearance of reality. He will cover it up with lies and Othello will be forced to believe him because he will be too submerged in doubt and suspicion to see the truth. In act 3, scene 3, when Cassion parts from Desdemona, Iago makes it appear as if Cassio â€Å"steal away so guilty-like†(Shakespeare, act 3, scene 3) because he did not want to be seen with Desdemona. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello or any similar topic only for you Order Now While it appears really bad from Othello point of view, the reality of it is completely different. Cassio, who has been demoted, wishes to gain back his good will with Othello with Desdemona’s help. Iago tricks Othello by making him believe that every seemingly harmless encounter between Cassio and Desdemona are actually lies and that they are seeing each other behind his back. To the readers of the play it is quite obvious the nature of their encounter but to Othello who judges with eyes clouded by jealousy, he can only see the harm being done. Othello is unable to make a rational decision because he is too deep in madness. Iago has poisoned his mind and ruined his judgement. To further poison Othello’s mind, Iago will set up Cassio and Othello. In act 4, scene 1, while Othello is hidden in the shadows; Iago approaches Cassio and starts a conversation with him. Othello believes the base of the conversation will be about his wife Desdemona because it is what Iago told him he would do: interrogate Cassio about Desdemona. But the reality of it is different. Iago is actually talking to Cassio about Bianca. Othello is caught up in the illusion; he now truly believes that Desdemona is unfaithful towards him. Jealousy clouds one’s mind. Othello in able to see that Iago is playing him; he is too deep in his own illusions to notice that he is being used. Because Othello’s judgement is clouded, Iago is able to make things appear differently. With his rational thinking gone, Othello is incapable of differencing reality from lies. The more he is poison, the more he degrades. His speech deteriorates, he has epileptic attacks and burst into rage. His actions are proof of his mental state. He is turmoil because of what Iago has made him believe, because of what Iago has made him see. Not only does Iago make scenes appear differently, he himself is an example of appearance vs. reality. Trough out the eyes of the other characters in the play, Iago appears â€Å"full of love and honesty†; Othello even says that â€Å"Iago is most honest†. In Criminal Types in Shakespeare, August Goll cites: â€Å"Iago appears to every one as the clever head, the man who knows the world and sees things clearly, who describes things as he sees them without mincing matters-the free-spoken, honest friend bold and rough: for this reason they all seek him in their various difficulties, Desdemona, Cassio, Emilia, Roderigo. (Goll, 218) Iago makes himself appear intentioned to the feeling of others. When they are faced with difficulties he offers them advices. Othello looks to Iago for advice on how to deal with the situation he faces, he asks him to help him in his vengeance. Iago true personality is someone who is egocentric, full of malice. He only thinks about himself. He does not help the Moor with good intention; he believes that he cheated with his wife and thus wishes to get his revenge. He does not give advice to Cassio because he feels obliged to help a comrade; he does it to fulfill his plan. To conclude, Iago is one of Shakespeare most vile villain. He made Othello fall into despair; he made him believe that Desdemona was unfaithful to him when it was nothing but lies. He used many tricks to poison Othello’s mind, he became his friend with him and trick him, and he withheld information from him and made things appear differently. With his superior intellect, he manipulated Othello like a puppet. Manipulators are among us. Would you be able to tell if you were manipulated? WORK CITED BROCK, James Harry Ernest, Iago some Shakespearean Villians, New York, AMS Press, 1973 COE, Charles Norton, Shakespeares’s Villains, New York, AMS Press, 1972 GOLL, August, Criminal Types in Shakespeare, New York, Haskell House, 1966 NAZARE-AGA, Isabelle, Les Manipulateurs sont parmis nous: Qui sont-ils? Comment s’en protà ©ger?, Montreal, Les Éditions de L’Homme, 1997 SHAKESPEARE, William, Othello, New York, Washington Square Press, 1993 WEILGART, Wolfgang J. Shakespeare Pschognostic: Character Evolution and Transformation, AMS Press, 1972 â€Å"Jalousie Illusoir†, 2010, http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/fr/Delusional_jealousy, consulted on November 9th 2010 How to cite How Does Iago Corrup Othello in Shakespear’s Othello, Papers

Literature review of Article on Gender Equality

Question: Discuss about the Literature review of an article on gender equality.? Answer: Introduction: The aim of the study is to carry out a critical evaluation of a number of journal articles. The topic selected for the particular study is Gender equality. Gender equality or gender egalitarianism is the view that determines the fact that everyone in the society should receive equal treatment without discriminating people based on their genders. The article by Nyberg et al. (2015) has been selected for conducting the literature review. In order to support the arguments put forwarded by the authors, several other articles will also be evaluated in the study. Interpretation and Analysis of Literature: Gender inequality remains a major barrier to the human development. There are many evidences when girls and women have made major strides but they have failed to gain gender equality. These disadvantages that the girls have to face, act as major source of inequality. In addition to this, women are discriminated in every aspects of life including health, education, labor market and even political representations (Verloo 2016). This situation has created a negative repercussion for the development in terms of their capabilities and curbs their freedom of choices as well. Inequality due to Gap in Income Level: In the provided reading, the main perspective of the argument was to explore objective career success among the men and women of Sweden. It has been commented that people with higher status in the society are benefitted with better health condition. It has been found that there is a gap between the income level of men and women of the country. Associating the financial condition with well being, it has been stated that the men are at a better state of health condition because their income in higher than women. In this respect, Malmusi et al. (2014) has also showed same response that the health condition varies between men and women and the main reason is the inequality in the income between the men and women. There are many evidences where it is evident that women are discriminated when it comes to health care. One of the key points that can be highlighted is that for the insurance premium as well, women have to pay higher than that of the men. Discriminations have been evident when it comes to expenditure of medicines that the women have to pay over men. Inequality in Pay-Scale Structure: Another important thing pointed out by Nyberg et al. (2015) is that there remains a lack of career opportunity among the women as well. Moreover, it has also been pointed out that women are paid lesser than that of the men for doing the same work. For reaching a particular conclusion, a qualitative analysis had been carried on among some women. It has been found that women are not preferred when it comes to promotion in their respective Organizations and if promoted, they do not get an equal hike in their salary as another person of opposite gender gets. Similar kind of response was observed reading Theorell et al. (2013) where the women are found to suffer more stress and pressure at their work place. This work pressure is a combined result of unequal pay scale or extra work that they have to do compare to men at work. There are many evidences where it has been evident that women have great strides at the workplace but still when it comes to inequalities and discrimination, women ha ve to suffer. Gender inequality at work has drawn attention of the government of countries like USA and UK (Branisa et al. 2013). Focus has been made to create a balance in life between men and women but there still remains certain sphere where the women have to suffer because of their gender. Inequality at the Work Place: Nyberg et al. (2015) also came up with the fact that the work done by women is not recognized well and they always remained underprivileged compare to men at the same work place. The expectancy levels from women always remain low because they are found to be inadequate and incompetent when it comes to their ability. It has been widely accepted that there remained gender inequality at the work place. Gender inequality still remained an issue that needs to be solved. There remains an unsolved problem and an imbalanced representation at the senior management at the work place (Branisa et al. 2013). The problem still remained unsolved problems and an imbalance in the pay scale as well as at the managerial representation (Yang and Aldrich 2014). There is plethora of interventions that an employer can choose from in order to redress the inequality at the work. Inequality and biasness has been evident at the time of recruitment as well. Recruitment process has also created a barrier among t he women to get the right place and position where they should be. Instead men get better position and a higher designation at the work place than women (Waldfogel 2013). In fact, certain issues have highlighted on the fact that when training is given to the employees of an organization, men are preferred over women when it comes to the ultimate selection process. Moving women from the employee position to the management position are almost negligible and to some extent, it is restricted (Waldfogel 2013). All these issues are perhaps creating such an environment at the work place that the women are finding it difficult to keep a balanced life. Conclusion: With the detailed discussion done on the inequality of gender, it has been evident that there still remained certain areas in social as well as political sphere where the women have to suffer just because of her gender. Such inequality has been persisting since a long time in spite of undertaking various measurements to increase the quality and equality of the life of female gender. Gender inequality has been a topic of discussion among many states and countries and positive approaches have been made to improve the condition of women but much has not been made in terms of improving the condition. The above made discussion has highlighted the major issues that women face or have to face in the contemporary situation. There is no doubt that there still persists some kind of imbalance between the men and women in social as well as political sphere that needs serious attention. References: Branisa, B., Klasen, S. and Ziegler, M., 2013. Gender inequality in social institutions and gendered development outcomes.World Development,45, pp.252-268. Malmusi, D., Vives, A., Benach, J., and Borrell, C. 2014. Gender inequalities in health: exploring the contribution of living conditions in the intersection of social class.Glob Health Action,7, 23189. Nyberg, A., Hanson, L.L.M., Leineweber, C. and Johansson, G., 2015. Do Predictors of Career Success Differ between Swedish Women and Men? Data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH).PloS one,10(10), p.e0140516. Theorell, T., Hammarstrm, A., Gustafsson, P. E., Hanson, L. M., Janlert, U., and Westerlund, H. 2013. Job strain and depressive symptoms in men and women: a prospective study of the working population in Sweden.Journal of epidemiology and community health, jech-2012. Verloo, M., 2016. Mainstreaming gender equality in Europe. A critical frame analysis approach.? ? ?,117(117), pp.11-34. Waldfogel, J., 2013. Feminist Economics: Then and Now-Gender Inequality and Wages.LERA Resources Demonstration. Yang, T. and Aldrich, H.E., 2014. Whos the boss? Explaining gender inequality in entrepreneurial teams.American Sociological Review, p. 207.